Current Issue : July - September Volume : 2018 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
A new method of silver application to a porous ceramic water filter used for point-of-use water treatment is developed. We\nevaluated filter performance for filters manufactured by the conventional method of painting an aqueous suspension of silver\nnanoparticles onto the filter and filters manufactured with a new method that applies silver nitrate to the clay-water-sawdust\nmixture prior to pressing and firing the filter. Filters were evaluated using miscible displacement flow-through experiments with\npulse and continuous-feed injections of E. coli. Flow characteristics were quantified by tracer experiments using [3H]H2O.\nExperiments using pulse injections of E. coli showed similar performance in breakthrough curves between the two application\nmethods. Long-term challenge tests performed with a continuous feed of E. coli and growth medium resulted in similar log\nremoval rates, but the removal rate by nanosilver filters decreased over time. Silver nitrate filters provided consistent removal with\nlower silver levels in the effluent and effective bacterial disinfection. Results from continued use with synthetic groundwater over\n4 weeks, with a pulse injection of E. coli at 2 and 4 weeks, support similar conclusionsââ?¬â?nanosilver filters perform better initially,\nbut after 4 weeks of use, nanosilver filters suffer larger decreases in performance. Results show that including silver nitrate in the\nmixing step may effectively reduce costs, improve silver retention in the filter, increase effective lifespan, and maintain effective\npathogen removal while also eliminating the risk of exposure to inhalation of silver nanoparticles by workers in developing-world\nfilter production facilities....
Introduction. The treatment of femoral diaphyseal fractures by intramedullary nailing has become a common procedure in\northopaedic surgery. The purpose of this numerical simulation was to present how the changes in configuration of the\nstabilisation system can affect the stress and displacement state in the bone tissue and implanted device. Material and Methods.\nThe numerical comparison of the stabilisation variants for the type 32-A2 femoral diaphyseal fracture (according to the AO\nclassification) performed by using the Charfix2 (ChM�®) anatomical nail locked in a number of chosen ways. The displacement\nand the stress distributions both in the bone and implant were obtained and analysed by computational simulation. Results. In\nall models, there was the same characteristic distribution, which shows there were minimal rotational movements of the bone\naround the anatomical axis. In all cases, stress concentrations were generated in the nail material in the area of the fracture gap.\nConclusions. The obtained results indicate that there is a visible advantage to one-plane distal stabilisation in the reduction of\nstresses regardless of the type of proximal stabilisation. The results of calculations indicate that the use of proximal stabilisation\nwith a neck screw reduces the possibility of damage to the implant....
This paper reviews both experimental and theoretical work on nanostructures showing high quantum yields due to the phenomenon\nof multiple exciton generation. It outlines the aims and barriers to progress in identifying further such nanostructures\nand also includes important developments concerning solar devices where nanostructures act as the light-absorbing component.\nIt reports on both semiconductor and carbon structures, both monocomposite (of various dimensionalities) and heterogeneous.\nFinally, it looks at future directions that can be taken to push solar cell efficiency above the classic limit set by Shockley and\nQueisser in 1961....
ZnFe2O4/AC composites were prepared by the one-pot hydrothermal method using the activated carbon (AC) as a carrier. The\nsynthesis conditions were optimized by a single-factor experiment.Thestructural, textural, and surface properties of the adsorbent\nhave been comprehensively characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform\ninfrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Brunauerââ?¬â??Emmettââ?¬â??Teller (BET) measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)\nanalysis. The SO2 removal capacities of the composites were investigated via testing the adsorption capacity at the self-made\ndesulfurization equipment. The results show that the adsorption capacity of ZnFe2O4/AC composites is much higher than that of\nthe AC and ZnFe2O4 samples, respectively. The composite overcomes the disadvantages of the traditional sintering, showing\na very high desulfurization performance. The breakthrough time was 147 min, and the sulfur adsorption capacity could reach\n23.67% in the desulfurization performance test....
Magnetostrictive bioinspired whisker is a new kind of sensor that can realize tactile and flow sensing by utilizing magnetoelastic\neffect. The sensitivity is a key technical indicator of whisker sensor. The paper presented a new magnetostrictive whisker based on\nGalfenol cantilever beam, as well as its operation principle. Then, the static and dynamic sensitivity of the whisker sensor was\ninvestigated by using a self-made experimental system. The results illustrated that the proposed sensor has a high sensitivity. Its\nstatic sensitivity is 2.2 mV/mN. However, its dynamic sensitivity depends on the vibration frequency. When working at the natural\nfrequency of the cantilever beam, the dynamic sensitivity performs an obvious increaseââ?¬â?1.3mV/mN at 3.5 Hz (the first-order\nnatural frequency) and 2.1mV/mN at 40 Hz (the second-order natural frequency), respectively....
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